char ios::fill
()const
Method
Returns the current padding
character.
char ios::fill
(char padding)
Method
int ios::precision
()const
Method
Report the number of significant
digits currently in use for output of floating point numbers.
Default: 6.
int ios::precision
(int signif)
Method
int ios::width
()const
Method
Report the current output
field width setting (the number of characters to write on the next <<
output operation).
Default: 0,
which means to use as many characters as necessary.
int ios::width
(int num)
Method
Set the input field width
setting to num.
Return the previous value for this stream. This value resets to zero (the
default) every time you use <<;
it is essentially an additional implicit argument to that operator. You
can also use the manipulator setw
for this purpose. See Changing
stream properties using manipulators.
fmtflags
ios::flags ()const
Method
Return the current value
of the complete collection of flags controlling the format state. The following
are the flags and their meanings when set.
-
ios::dec
ios::oct
ios::hex
Each of theses flags is
for a numeric base to use in converting integers from internal to display
representation, or vice versa: ios::dec,
decimal, ios::oct,
octal, or ios::hex,
hexadecimal, respectively. (You can change the base using the manipulator
setbase,
or any of the manipulators dec,
oct,
or hex;
see Changing
stream properties using manipulators.)
On input, if none of these
flags is set, read numeric constants according to the prefix: decimal if
no prefix (or a ’.’
suffix), octal if a 0
prefix is present, hexadecimal if a 0x
prefix is present.
Default: dec.
-
ios::fixed
Avoid scientific notation,
and always show a fixed number of digits after the decimal point, according
to the output precision in effect. Use ios::precision
to set precision.
-
ios::left
ios::right
ios::internal
Where output is to appear
in a fixed-width field: ios::left
sets as left-justified, ios::right
sets as right-justified, and ios::internal
sets with padding in the middle (e.g., between a numeric sign and the associated
value).
-
ios::scientific
Use scientific (exponential)
notation to display numbers.
-
ios::showbase
Display the conventional
prefix as a visual indicator of the conversion base: no prefix for decimal,
0
for octal, 0x
for hexadecimal.
-
ios::showpoint
Display a decimal point
followed by trailing zeros to fill out numeric fields, even when redundant.
-
ios::showpos
Display a positive sign
on display of positive numbers.
-
ios::skipws
Skip white space. (On by
default).
-
ios::stdio
Flush the C stdio
streams stdout
and stderr
after each output operation (for programs that mix C and C++ output conventions).
-
ios::unitbuf
Flush after each output
operation.
-
ios::uppercase
Use uppercase rather than
lowercase characters in numeric displays; for instance, 0X7A
rather than 0x7a,
or 3.14E+09
rather than 3.14e+09.
fmtflags
ios::flags (fmtflags
value)
Method
Set value as the complete
collection of flags controlling the format state. The flag values are described
under ios::flags
().
Use ios::setf
or ios::unsetf
to change one property at a time.
fmtflags
ios::setf (fmtflags
flag)
Method
Set one particular flag
(of those described for ios::flags();
return the complete collection of flags previously in effect. (Use
ios::unsetf
to cancel.)
fmtflags
ios::setf (fmtflags
flag, fmtflags mask)
Method
Clear
the flag values indicated by mask,
then set any of them that are also in flag.
(Flag values are described for ios::flags
().)
Return the complete collection of flags previously in effect. (See
ios::unsetf
for another way of clearing flags.)
fmtflags
ios::unsetf (fmtflags
flag)
Method
Make certain flag
(a combination of flag values described for ios::flags
())
is not set for this stream; converse of ios::setf.
Returns the old values of those flags.