16 DBNEWID Utility

DBNEWID is a database utility that can change the internal database identifier (DBID) and the database name (DBNAME) for an operational database.

This chapter contains the following sections:

What Is the DBNEWID Utility?
Ramifications of Changing the DBID and DBNAME
Changing the DBID and DBNAME of a Database
DBNEWID Syntax

What Is the DBNEWID Utility?

Prior to the introduction of the DBNEWID utility, you could manually create a copy of a database and give it a new database name (DBNAME) by re-creating the control file. However, you could not give the database a new identifier (DBID). The DBID is an internal, unique identifier for a database. Because Recovery Manager (RMAN) distinguishes databases by DBID, you could not register a seed database and a manually copied database together in the same RMAN repository. The DBNEWID utility solves this problem by allowing you to change any of the following:

Only the DBID of a database
Only the DBNAME of a database
Both the DBNAME and DBID of a database

Ramifications of Changing the DBID and DBNAME

Changing the DBID of a database is a serious procedure. When the DBID of a database is changed, all previous backups and archived logs of the database become unusable. This is similar to creating a database except that the data is already in the datafiles. After you change the DBID, backups and archive logs that were created prior to the change can no longer be used because they still have the original DBID, which does not match the current DBID. You must open the database with the RESETLOGS option, which re-creates the online redo logs and resets their sequence to 1 (see the Oracle Database Administrator's Guide). Consequently, you should make a backup of the whole database immediately after changing the DBID.

Changing the DBNAME without changing the DBID does not require you to open with the RESETLOGS option, so database backups and archived logs are not invalidated. However, changing the DBNAME does have consequences. You must change the DB_NAME initialization parameter after a database name change to reflect the new name. Also, you may have to re-create the Oracle password file. If you restore an old backup of the control file (before the name change), then you should use the initialization parameter file and password file from before the database name change.

Note:

Do not change the DBID or DBNAME of a database if you are using a capture process to capture changes to the database. See Oracle Streams Concepts and Administration for more information about capture processes.

Considerations for Global Database Names

If you are dealing with a database in a distributed database system, then each database should have a unique global database name. The DBNEWID utility does not change global database names. This can only be done with the SQL ALTER DATABASE statement, for which the syntax is as follows:

ALTER DATABASE RENAME GLOBAL_NAME TO <newname>.<domain>;

The global database name is made up of a database name and a domain, which are determined by the DB_NAME and DB_DOMAIN initialization parameters when the database is first created.

The following example changes the database name to sales in the domain us.oracle.com:

ALTER DATABASE RENAME GLOBAL_NAME TO sales.us.oracle.com

You would do this after you finished using DBNEWID to change the database name.

Changing the DBID and DBNAME of a Database

This section contains these topics:

Changing the DBID and Database Name
Changing Only the Database ID
Changing Only the Database Name
Troubleshooting DBNEWID

Changing the DBID and Database Name

The following steps describe how to change the DBID of a database . Optionally, you can change the database name as well.

Ensure that you have a recoverable whole database backup.
Ensure that the target database is mounted but not open, and that it was shut down consistently prior to mounting. For example:
```
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
STARTUP MOUNT
```

Invoke the DBNEWID utility on the command line, specifying a valid user with the SYSDBA privilege. For example:

% nid TARGET=SYS/oracle@test_db

To change the database name in addition to the DBID, specify the DBNAME parameter. This example changes the name to test_db:

% nid TARGET=SYS/oracle@test DBNAME=test_db

The DBNEWID utility performs validations in the headers of the datafiles and control files before attempting I/O to the files. If validation is successful, then DBNEWID prompts you to confirm the operation (unless you specify a log file, in which case it does not prompt), changes the DBID (and the DBNAME, if specified, as in this example) for each datafile, including offline normal and read-only datafiles, shuts down the database, and then exits. The following is an example of what the output for this would look like:

.
.
.
Connected to database PROD (DBID=86997811)

Connected to server version 10.1.0

Control Files in database:
    /oracle/TEST_DB/data/cf1.f
    /oracle/TEST_DB/data/cf2.f

The following datafiles are offline clean:
    /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_61.f (23)
    /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_62.f (24)
    /oracle/TEST_DB/data/temp3.f (3)
These files must be writable by this utility.

The following datafiles are read-only:
    /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_51.f (15)
    /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_52.f (16)
    /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_53.f (22)
These files must be writable by this utility.

Changing database ID from 86997811 to 1250654267
Changing database name from PROD to TEST_DB
    Control File /oracle/TEST_DB/data/cf1.f - modified
    Control File /oracle/TEST_DB/data/cf2.f - modified
    Datafile /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_01.f - dbid changed, wrote new name
    Datafile /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_ax1.f - dbid changed, wrote new name
    Datafile /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_02.f - dbid changed, wrote new name
    Datafile /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_11.f - dbid changed, wrote new name
    Datafile /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_12.f - dbid changed, wrote new name
    Datafile /oracle/TEST_DB/data/temp1.f - dbid changed, wrote new name
    Control File /oracle/TEST_DB/data/cf1.f - dbid changed, wrote new name
    Control File /oracle/TEST_DB/data/cf2.f - dbid changed, wrote new name
    Instance shut down

Database name changed to TEST_DB.
Modify parameter file and generate a new password file before restarting.
Database ID for database TEST_DB changed to 1250654267.
All previous backups and archived redo logs for this database are unusable.
Database has been shutdown, open database with RESETLOGS option.
Successfully changed database name and ID.
DBNEWID - Completed successfully.

If validation is not successful, then DBNEWID terminates and leaves the target database intact, as shown in the following sample output. You can open the database, fix the error, and then either resume the DBNEWID operation or continue using the database without changing its DBID.

.
.
.
     Connected to database PROD (DBID=86997811)
 
     Connected to server version 10.1.0
 
     Control Files in database:
         /oracle/TEST_DB/data/cf1.f
         /oracle/TEST_DB/data/cf2.f
 
     The following datafiles are offline clean:
         /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_61.f (23)
         /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_62.f (24)
         /oracle/TEST_DB/data/temp3.f (3)
     These files must be writable by this utility.
 
     The following datafiles are read-only:
         /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_51.f (15)
         /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_52.f (16)
         /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_53.f (22)
     These files must be writable by this utility.
 
     The following datafiles are offline immediate:
         /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_71.f (25)
         /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_72.f (26)
 
NID-00122: Database should have no offline immediate datafiles
  
Change of database name failed during validation - database is intact.
DBNEWID - Completed with validation errors.

Mount the database. For example:
```
STARTUP MOUNT
```
Open the database in RESETLOGS mode and resume normal use. For example:
```
ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;
```
Make a new database backup. Because you reset the online redo logs, the old backups and archived logs are no longer usable in the current incarnation of the database.

Changing Only the Database ID

To change the database ID without changing the database name, follow the steps in Changing the DBID and Database Name, but in Step 3 do not specify the optional database name (DBNAME). The following is an example of the type of output that is generated when only the database ID is changed.

.
.
.
     Connected to database PROD (DBID=86997811)
 
     Connected to server version 10.1.0
 
     Control Files in database:
         /oracle/TEST_DB/data/cf1.f
         /oracle/TEST_DB/data/cf2.f
 
     The following datafiles are offline clean:
         /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_61.f (23)
         /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_62.f (24)
         /oracle/TEST_DB/data/temp3.f (3)
     These files must be writable by this utility.
 
     The following datafiles are read-only:
         /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_51.f (15)
         /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_52.f (16)
         /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_53.f (22)
     These files must be writable by this utility.
 
     Changing database ID from 86997811 to 4004383693
         Control File /oracle/TEST_DB/data/cf1.f - modified
         Control File /oracle/TEST_DB/data/cf2.f - modified
         Datafile /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_01.f - dbid changed
         Datafile /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_ax1.f - dbid changed
         Datafile /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_02.f - dbid changed
         Datafile /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_11.f - dbid changed
         Datafile /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_12.f - dbid changed
         Datafile /oracle/TEST_DB/data/temp1.f - dbid changed
         Control File /oracle/TEST_DB/data/cf1.f - dbid changed
         Control File /oracle/TEST_DB/data/cf2.f - dbid changed
         Instance shut down
 
     Database ID for database TEST_DB changed to 4004383693.
     All previous backups and archived redo logs for this database are unusable.
     Database has been shutdown, open database with RESETLOGS option.
     Succesfully changed database ID.
     DBNEWID - Completed succesfully.

Changing Only the Database Name

The following steps describe how to change the database name without changing the DBID.

Ensure that you have a recoverable whole database backup.
Ensure that the target database is mounted but not open, and that it was shut down consistently prior to mounting. For example:
```
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
STARTUP MOUNT
```

Invoke the utility on the command line, specifying a valid user with the SYSDBA privilege. You must specify both the DBNAME and SETNAME parameters. This example changes the name to test_db:

% nid TARGET=SYS/oracle@test_db DBNAME=test_db SETNAME=YES

DBNEWID performs validations in the headers of the control files (not the datafiles) before attempting I/O to the files. If validation is successful, then DBNEWID prompts for confirmation, changes the database name in the control files, shuts down the database and exits. The following is an example of what the output for this would look like:

.
.
.
Connected to server version 10.1.0

Control Files in database:
    /oracle/TEST_DB/data/cf1.f
    /oracle/TEST_DB/data/cf2.f

The following datafiles are offline clean:
    /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_61.f (23)
    /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_62.f (24)
    /oracle/TEST_DB/data/temp3.f (3)
These files must be writable by this utility.

The following datafiles are read-only:
    /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_51.f (15)
    /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_52.f (16)
    /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_53.f (22)
These files must be writable by this utility.

Changing database name from PROD to TEST_DB
    Control File /oracle/TEST_DB/data/cf1.f - modified
    Control File /oracle/TEST_DB/data/cf2.f - modified
    Datafile /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_01.f - wrote new name
    Datafile /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_ax1.f - wrote new name
    Datafile /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_02.f - wrote new name
    Datafile /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_11.f - wrote new name
    Datafile /oracle/TEST_DB/data/tbs_12.f - wrote new name
    Datafile /oracle/TEST_DB/data/temp1.f - wrote new name
    Control File /oracle/TEST_DB/data/cf1.f - wrote new name
    Control File /oracle/TEST_DB/data/cf2.f - wrote new name
    Instance shut down

Database name changed to TEST_DB.
Modify parameter file and generate a new password file before restarting.
Successfully changed database name.
DBNEWID - Completed successfully.

If validation is not successful, then DBNEWID terminates and leaves the target database intact. You can open the database, fix the error, and then either resume the DBNEWID operation or continue using the database without changing the database name. (For an example of what the output looks like for an unsuccessful validation, see Step 3 in Changing the DBID and Database Name.)

Set the DB_NAME initialization parameter in the initialization parameter file (PFILE) to the new database name.

Note:

The DBNEWID utility does not change the server parameter file (SPFILE). Therefore, if you use SPFILE to start your Oracle database, you must re-create the initialization parameter file from the server parameter file, remove the server parameter file, change the DB_NAME in the initialization parameter file, and then re-create the server parameter file.

Create a new password file.
Start up the database and resume normal use. For example:
```
STARTUP
```
Because you have changed only the database name, and not the database ID, it is not necessary to use the RESETLOGS option when you open the database. This means that all previous backups are still usable.

Troubleshooting DBNEWID

If the DBNEWID utility succeeds in its validation stage but detects an error while performing the requested change, then the utility stops and leaves the database in the middle of the change. In this case, you cannot open the database until the DBNEWID operation is either completed or reverted. DBNEWID displays messages indicating the status of the operation.

Before continuing or reverting, fix the underlying cause of the error. Sometimes the only solution is to restore the whole database from a recent backup and perform recovery to the point in time before DBNEWID was started. This underscores the importance of having a recent backup available before running DBNEWID.

If you choose to continue with the change, then reexecute your original command. The DBNEWID utility resumes and attempts to continue the change until all datafiles and control files have the new value or values. At this point, the database is shut down. You should mount it prior to opening it with the RESETLOGS option.

If you choose to revert a DBNEWID operation, and if the reversion succeeds, then DBNEWID reverts all performed changes and leaves the database in a mounted state.

If DBNEWID is run against a release 10.1 or later Oracle database, a summary of the operation is written to the alert file. For example, for a change of database name and database ID, you might see something similar to the following:

*** DBNEWID utility started ***
DBID will be changed from 86997811 to new DBID of 1250452230 for
database PROD
DBNAME will be changed from PROD to new DBNAME of TEST_DB
Starting datafile conversion
Setting recovery target incarnation to 1
Datafile conversion complete
Database name changed to TEST_DB.
Modify parameter file and generate a new password file before restarting.
Database ID for database TEST_DB changed to 1250452230.
All previous backups and archived redo logs for this database are unusable.
Database has been shutdown, open with RESETLOGS option.
Successfully changed database name and ID.
*** DBNEWID utility finished successfully ***

For a change of just the database name, the alert file might show something similar to the following:

*** DBNEWID utility started ***
DBNAME will be changed from PROD to new DBNAME of TEST_DB
Starting datafile conversion
Datafile conversion complete
Database name changed to TEST_DB.
Modify parameter file and generate a new password file before restarting.
Successfully changed database name.
*** DBNEWID utility finished successfully ***
 
In case of failure during DBNEWID the alert will also log the failure:
*** DBNEWID utility started ***
DBID will be changed from 86997811 to new DBID of 86966847 for database
AV3
Change of database ID failed.
Must finish change or REVERT changes before attempting any database
operation.
*** DBNEWID utility finished with errors ***

DBNEWID Syntax

The following diagrams show the syntax for the DBNEWID utility.

Description of the illustration nid.gif

Parameters

Table 16-1 describes the parameters in the DBNEWID syntax.

Table 16-1 Parameters for the DBNEWID Utility

Parameter	Description
`TARGET`	Specifies the username and password used to connect to the database. The user must have the `SYSDBA` privilege. If you are using operating system authentication, then you can connect with the slash (`/`). If the `$ORACLE_HOME` and `$ORACLE_SID` variables are not set correctly in the environment, then you can specify a secure (IPC or BEQ) service to connect to the target database. A target database must be specified in all invocations of the DBNEWID utility.
`REVERT`	Specify `YES` to indicate that a failed change of DBID should be reverted (default is `NO`). The utility signals an error if no change DBID operation is in progress on the target database. A successfully completed change of DBID cannot be reverted. `REVERT=YES` is valid only when a DBID change failed.
`DBNAME=new_db_name`	Changes the database name of the database. You can change the DBID and the DBNAME of a database at the same time. To change only the DBNAME, also specify the `SETNAME` parameter.
`SETNAME`	Specify `YES` to indicate that DBNEWID should change the database name of the database but should not change the DBID (default is `NO`). When you specify `SETNAME=YES`, the utility writes only to the target database control files.
`LOGFILE=logfile`	Specifies that DBNEWID should write its messages to the specified file. By default the utility overwrites the previous log. If you specify a log file, then DBNEWID does not prompt for confirmation.
`APPEND`	Specify `YES` to append log output to the existing log file (default is `NO`).
`HELP`	Specify `YES` to print a list of the DBNEWID syntax options (default is `NO`).

Restrictions and Usage Notes

The DBNEWID utility has the following restrictions:

To change the DBID of a database, the database must be mounted and must have been shut down consistently prior to mounting. In the case of an Oracle Real Application Clusters database, the database must be mounted in NOPARALLEL mode.
You must open the database with the RESETLOGS option after changing the DBID. However, you do not have to open with the RESETLOGS option after changing only the database name.
No other process should be running against the database when DBNEWID is executing. If another session shuts down and starts the database, then DBNEWID terminates unsuccessfully.
All online datafiles should be consistent without needing recovery.
Normal offline datafiles should be accessible and writable. If this is not the case, you must drop these files before invoking the DBNEWID utility.
All read-only tablespaces must be accessible and made writable at the operating system level prior to invoking DBNEWID. If these tablespaces cannot be made writable (for example, they are on a CD-ROM), then you must unplug the tablespaces using the transportable tablespace feature and then plug them back in the database before invoking the DBNEWID utility (see the Oracle Database Administrator's Guide).
The DBNEWID utility does not change global database names. See Considerations for Global Database Names.

Additional Restrictions for Releases Prior to Oracle Database 10g

The following additional restrictions apply if the DBNEWID utility is run against an Oracle Database release prior to 10.1:

The nid executable file should be owned and run by the Oracle owner because it needs direct access to the datafiles and control files. If another user runs the utility, then set the user ID to the owner of the datafiles and control files.
The DBNEWID utility must access the datafiles of the database directly through a local connection. Although DBNEWID can accept a net service name, it cannot change the DBID of a nonlocal database.