| Oracle® Database Net Services Reference 10g Release 2 (10.2) Part Number B14213-01 |
|
|
View PDF |
| Oracle® Database Net Services Reference 10g Release 2 (10.2) Part Number B14213-01 |
|
|
View PDF |
This appendix describes coexistence and upgrade issues for Oracle Net Services. This appendix covers the following topics:
In an effort to streamline configuration decisions for the Internet, the following subsections describe the features and the configuration file that are no longer being supported:
Identix and SecurID Authentication Methods
If you are using Identix or SecurID authentication, provided by Oracle Advanced Security, Oracle Corporation recommends upgrading to one of the following authentication methods:
RADIUS
Kerberos
SSL
NDS External Naming and NDS Authentication
Support for Novell Directory Services (NDS) as an authentication method and as an external naming method are no longer supported. If you are using NDS as an external naming method, Oracle Corporation recommends using directory naming instead.
Net8 OPEN, which provided an application program interface (API) that enabled programmers to develop both database and non-database applications, is no longer supported.
Parameters in the protocol.ora file have been merged into the sqlnet.ora file. These parameters enable you to configure access control to the database, as well as no delays in TCP/IP buffer flushing. These parameters include:
TCP.NODELAY
TCP.EXCLUDED_NODES
TCP.INVITED_NODES
TCP.VALIDNODE_CHECKING
If you have a protocol.ora file in $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin on UNIX and ORACLE_HOME\network\admin on Windows, Oracle Net Manager, when first started, will automatically merge its parameters into the sqlnet.ora file.
There may be operating system specific parameters in protocol.ora that are node specific. For this reason, Oracle Corporation recommends not sharing sqlnet.ora with other nodes after merging or adding these parameters.
Prespawned dedicated server processes are no longer supported. Instead, configure shared server (formerly named multi-threaded server) to improve scalability and system resource usage.
Protocol addresses using the SPX or LU6.2 protocol must be replaced. Oracle Net provides support for the following network protocols:
TCP/IP
TCP/IP with SSL
Named Pipes
|
See Also: Oracle Database Net Services Reference for further information about unsupported configuration parameters and control utility commands |
Clients and database servers require compatible releases of Oracle Net Services or Net8. For example, an Oracle9i client requires an installation of Oracle Net Services, and an Oracle9i database requires an installation of Oracle Net Services with the Oracle Net Listener.
Consider the following client-to-database connection issues before you decide if upgrading is appropriate for your environment:
Connect descriptors, created for connections to an Oracle9i or an Oracle8 database, identify a database by its service name with the SERVICE_NAME parameter.
A connect descriptor to an Oracle9i or Oracle8 database uses the parameter SERVICE_NAME, as shown in the following example:
sales=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales-server)(PORT=1521))
(CONNECT_DATA=
(SERVICE_NAME=sales.us.acme.com)))
Connect descriptors that are currently configured with the SID parameter can remain. However, to take advantage of new features, such as client load balancing and connect-time failover, Oracle Corporation recommends replacing SID with SERVICE_NAME.
To modify a connect descriptor to use SERVICE_NAME, use the Oracle Net Manager's compatibility mode, as described in "Using the Oracle Net Manager to Handle Compatibility Issues".
|
See Also: Oracle Database Net Services Administrator's Guide for information about database identification bySERVICE_NAME rather than SID |
Consider the following questions for an environment with release 8.0 clients connecting to an Oracle9i database:
Will my third-party applications be able use features of Oracle Net Services?
No. You must rebuild or upgrade applications to work with Oracle Net libraries.
Do my clients require Oracle Net to connect to a remote Oracle9i database?
No. If a client needs to connect to a remote Oracle9i database, only Net8 Client release 8.0 needs to be configured on the client. However, new features of Oracle Net Services are not available to these clients.
Do my clients require Oracle Net to connect to a local Oracle9i database?
No. The client requires an installation of Net8 Client release 8.0 in its Oracle home and the Oracle9i requires an installation of Oracle Net and Oracle Net Listener in its Oracle home.
A connect descriptor to an Oracle release 8.0 or Oracle7 database uses SID, as shown in the following example:
sales=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales-server)(PORT=1521))
(CONNECT_DATA=
(SID=sales)))
In addition, the listener.ora file on the database server must be configured with the description of the SID for the release 8.0 database. In the following example, the listener is configured to listener for a database service called sales.us.acme.com that has a SID of sales:
SID_LIST_listener= (SID_LIST= (SID_DESC= (GLOBAL_DBNAME=sales.us.acme.com) (SID_NAME=sales)))
|
See Also: Oracle Database Net Services Administrator's Guide for information about database identification bySID |
Consider the following questions for an environment with Oracle9i clients connecting to a release 8.0 database.
Do my clients require Net8 Client release 8.0 to connect to a remote Oracle release 8.0 database?
No. If a client needs to connect to a remote release 8.0 database, only Net8 Client of a compatible release needs to be configured on the client. The only limitation is that the new features available with Oracle Net Services are unavailable with this connection type.
Do my clients require Net8 Client release 8.0 to connect to a local release 8.0 database?
Yes. The client requires an installation of Oracle Net in its Oracle home and the release 8.0 database requires an installation of Net8 Server in its Oracle home.
If you upgrade all or part of your network to Oracle9i, you should upgrade all the Oracle Names Servers in the region to version 9.
Can my release 8.0 clients use Oracle Names version 9 to resolve service names?
Yes.
Can my release 8.0 clients then use the connect descriptor returned from Oracle Names version 9 to connect to an Oracle version 8 database?
Yes, if the connect descriptor was specified correctly when it was entered into Oracle Names.
|
Note: In future releases, Oracle Names will not be supported as a centralized naming method. Because no new enhancements are being added to Oracle Names, consider using directory naming or upgrading an existing Oracle Names configuration to directory naming, as described in the Oracle Database Net Services Administrator's Guide. |
Because some parameters are enabled only for Oracle9i and release 8.1, Oracle Net Manager offers two options that permit you to set the proper parameters in the tnsnames.ora file for clients connecting to a particular release of the database. These options are described in Table B-1.
Table B-1 Oracle Net Manager Options
| Oracle Net Manager Option | Description |
|---|---|
| Use Options Compatible with Net8 8.0 Clients | Enables you to configure multiple addresses parameters for a client.
If selected, enables the If turned off, enables you to use the See Also: Oracle Database Net Services Administrator's Guide for information about configuring address list parameters |
| Use Oracle8 Release 8.0 Compatible Identification | Enables you to configure parameters specific to a database release in the CONNECT_DATA section of a connect descriptor.
If turned on, allows you to enter the SID of the release 8.0 or Oracle7 database. If turned off, enables you to enter the Oracle9i or Oracle8 database service name ( Note: The Advanced Service Options dialog box, which is visible when the Advanced button in the Service Identification group is chosen, is also affected by whether this option is turned on or off. Some settings are only available for connections to an Oracle9i or Oracle8 database service. See Also: Oracle Database Net Services Administrator's Guide for information about configuring advanced connect data parameters |
To upgrade from SQL*Net release 2.x to Oracle Net Services or upgrade from Net8 release 8.0 or 8.1, complete these tasks:
Step 1: Verify Service Name and Instance Name
Step 2: Perform Software Upgrade on the Database Server
Step 3: Perform Software Upgrade on the Client
Step 4: Perform Functional Upgrade
If you want to identify a service and its instance in the tnsnames.ora file, ensure that the SERVICE_NAMES and INSTANCE_NAMES initialization parameters are set in the initialization parameter file.
Table B-2 SERVICE_NAMES and INSTANCE NAMES Parameters
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
SERVICE_NAMES |
Specifies one or more names for the database service to which this instance connects. You can specify multiple services names in order to distinguish among different uses of the same database. For example:
SERVICE_NAMES = sales.us.acme.com, widgetsales.us.acme.com If you do not qualify the names in this parameter with a domain, Oracle qualifies them with the value of the Note: You can change the value of |
INSTANCE_NAME |
Specifies the unique name of this instance. Set the instance name to the value of the Oracle System Identifier (SID). |
To perform a software upgrade on the database server, install the latest release of Oracle Net and Oracle Net Listener from the Oracle Universal Installer to receive the latest executables.
You are prompted to upgrade a database with the Database Upgrade Assistant if the Oracle Universal Installer detects a pre-release 9.2 database on your system. If you do not want to upgrade during the installation process, then you can choose to install this assistant and use it later.
The Oracle Universal Installer automatically performs these tasks:
Stops older listener
Starts release 9.2 listener
To perform a software upgrade on the client, install the latest release of Oracle Net Services from the Oracle Universal Installer to receive the latest executables.
After the software is upgraded, it is not required to upgrade the configuration files unless you want to use the Oracle9i features. To take advantage of new features, review the following configuration files:
sqlnet.ora
tnsnames.ora
listener.ora
protocol.ora
Replace obsolete or renamed parameters.
|
See Also: Oracle Database Net Services Reference for further information about unsupported configuration parameters |
Replace the SID parameter with the SERVICE_NAME parameter to connect to a release 8.1 or higher service, as in the following example.
sales=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales-server)(PORT=1521))
(CONNECT_DATA=
(SERVICE_NAME=sales.us.acme.com)))
If you have multiple addresses, you can configure client load balancing and connect-time failover features, as in the following example.
sales= (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS_LIST= (FAILOVER=on) (LOAD_BALANCE=on) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales1-server)(PORT=1521) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales2-server)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA= (SERVICE_NAME=sales.us.acme.com)))
|
See Also:
|
Because instance information is registered with the listener in Oracle9i, it is no longer necessary to include the instance information with the SID_LIST_listener_name section of the listener.ora file.
However, Oracle Enterprise Manager still requires static information in the listener.ora file. If you are using Oracle Enterprise Manager to manage database objects, the listener.ora file must be configured with information about the database in the following manner:
SID_LIST_listener_name= (SID_LIST= (SID_DESC= (GLOBAL_DBNAME=global_database_name) (ORACLE_HOME=oracle_home) (SID_NAME=sid)))
Table B-3 Parameter Descriptions
|
See Also: Oracle Database Net Services Administrator's Guide for information about configuring service information and connect-time failover and Transparent Application Failover (TAF) |
