Oracle® Database JDBC Developer's Guide and Reference 10g Release 2 (10.2) Part Number B14355-01 |
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Connection caching, generally implemented in the middle tier, is a means of keeping and using cache of physical database connections.
Note: The previous cache architecture, based onOracleConnectionCache and OracleConnectionCacheImpl , is deprecated. We recommend that you take advantage of the new architecture, which is more powerful and offers better performance. |
The implicit connection cache is an improved Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) 3.0-compliant connection cache implementation for DataSource
. Java and Java2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE) applications benefit from transparent access to the cache, support for multiple users, and the ability to request connections based on user-defined profiles.
An application turns the implicit connection cache on by calling setConnectionCachingEnabled(true)
on an OracleDataSource
. After implicit caching is turned on, the first connection request to the OracleDataSource
transparently creates a connection cache. There is no need for application developers to write their own cache implementations.
This chapter is divided into the following sections:
Note: The concept of connection caching is not relevant to the server-side internal driver, where you always use the default connection. Connection caching is only relevant to the client-side JDBC drivers and the server-side Thin driver. |
The connection caching architecture has been redesigned so that caching is transparently integrated into the data source architecture.
The connection cache uses the concept of physical connections and logical connections. Physical connections are the actual connections returned by the database and logical connections are wrappers used by the cache to manipulate physical connections. You can think of logical connections as handles. The caches always return logical connections, which implement the same interfaces as physical connections.
The implicit connection cache offers:
Driver independence
Both the JDBC Thin and JDBC Oracle Call Interface (OCI) drivers support the implicit connection cache.
Transparent access to the JDBC connection cache
After an application turns implicit caching on, it uses the standard OracleDataSource
application programming interfaces (APIs) to get connections. With caching enabled, all connection requests are serviced from the connection cache.
When an application calls OracleConnection.close
to close the logical connection, the physical connection is returned to the cache.
Single cache per OracleDataSource
instance
When connection caching is turned on, each cache enabled OracleDataSource
has exactly one cache associated with it. All connections obtained through that data source, no matter what user name and password are used, are returned to the cache. When an application requests a connection from the data source, the cache either returns an existing connection or creates a new connection with matching authentication information.
Note: Caches cannot be shared betweenDataSource instances. There is a one-to-one mapping between cache enabled DataSource instances and caches. |
Heterogeneous user names and passwords per cache
Unlike in the previous cache implementation, all connections obtained through the same data source are stored in a common cache, no matter what user name and password the connection requests.
Support for JDBC 3.0 connection caching, including support for multiple users and the required cache properties.
Property-based configuration
Cache properties define the behavior of the cache. The supported properties set timeouts, the number of connections to be held in the cache, and so on. Using these properties, applications can reclaim and reuse abandoned connections. The implicit connection cache supports all the JDBC 3.0 connection cache properties.
OracleConnectionCacheManager
The new OracleConnectionCacheManager
class provides a rich set of administrative APIs that applications can use to manage the connection cache. Each virtual machine has one distinguished instance of OracleConnectionCacheManager
. Applications manage a cache through the single OracleConnectionCacheManager
instance.
User-defined connection attributes
The implicit connection cache supports user-defined connection attributes that can be used to determine which connections are retrieved from the cache. Connection attributes can be thought of as labels whose semantics are defined by the application, not by the caching mechanism.
Callback mechanism
The implicit connection cache provides a mechanism for users to define cache behavior when a connection is returned to the cache, when handling abandoned connections, and when a connection is requested but none is available in the cache.
Connect-time load balancing
Implicit connection caching provides connect time load balancing when a connection is first created by the application. The database listener distributes connection creation across Oracle Real Application Cluster instances that would perform the best at the time of connection creation.
Run-time connection load balancing
Run-time connection load balancing of work requests uses Service Metrics to route work requests to an Oracle Real Application Cluster instance that offers the best performance. Selecting a connection from the cache based on service, to execute a work request, greatly increases the throughput and scalability.
This section discusses how applications use the implicit connection cache. It covers the following topics:
An application turns the implicit connection cache on by calling OracleDataSource.setConnectionCachingEnabled(true)
. After implicit caching is turned on, the first connection request to the OracleDataSource
transparently creates a connection cache.
Example 23-1 provides a sample code that uses the implicit connection cache.
Example 23-1 Using the Implicit Connection Cache
// Example to show binding of OracleDataSource to JNDI, // then using implicit connection cache import oracle.jdbc.pool.*; // import the pool package Context ctx = new InitialContext(ht); OracleDataSource ods = new OracleDataSource(); // Set DataSource properties ods.setUser("Scott"); ods.setConnectionCachingEnabled(true); // Turns on caching ctx.bind("MyDS", ods); // ... // Retrieve DataSource from the InitialContext ods =(OracleDataSource) ctx. lookup("MyDS"); // Transparently create cache and retrieve connection conn = ods.getConnection(); // ... conn.close(); // return connection to the cache // ... ods.close() // close datasource and clean up the cache
After you have turned connection caching on, whenever you retrieve a connection through OracleDataSource.getConnection
, the JDBC drivers check to see if a connection is available in the cache.
The getConnection
method checks if there are any free physical connections in the cache that match the specified criteria. If a match is found, then a logical connection is returned wrapping the physical connection. If no physical connection match is found, then a new physical connection is created, wrapped in a logical connection, and returned.
There are four variations on getConnection
, two that make no reference to the connection cache and two that specify which sort of connections the cache may return. The non-cache-specific getConnection
methods behave as normal.
Note: When implicit connection cache is enabled, the connection returned byOracleDataSource.getConnection may not have the state reset. You must, therefore, reset all the connection states, such as auto-commit, batch size, prefetch size, transaction status, and transaction isolation, before putting the connection back into the cache. |
The ConnectionCacheName
property of OracleDataSource
is an optional property used by the Connection Cache manager to manage a connection cache. You can set this property by calling the following method:
public void synchronized setConnectionCacheName(String cacheName) throws SQLException
When this property is set, the name is used to uniquely identify the cache accessed by the cache-enabled OracleDataSource
. If the property is not set, then a default cache name is created using the convention DataSourceName#HexRepresentationOfNumberOfCaches
.
You can fine-tune the behavior of the implicit connection cache using the setConnectionCacheProperties
method to set various connection properties.
Note: Although these properties govern the behavior of the connection cache, they are set on the data source, and not on the connection or on the cache itself. |
An application returns a connection to the cache by calling close
. There are two variants of the close method: one with no arguments and one that takes a Connection
object as argument.
Notes:
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Example 23-2 demonstrates creating a data source, setting its caching and data source properties, retrieving a connection, and closing that connection in order to return it to the cache.
Example 23-2 Connection Cache Example
import java.sql.*; import javax.sql.*; import java.util.*; import javax.naming.*; import javax.naming.spi.*; import oracle.jdbc.*; import oracle.jdbc.pool.*; ... // create a DataSource OracleDataSource ods = new OracleDataSource(); // set cache properties java.util.Properties prop = new java.util.Properties(); prop.setProperty("MinLimit", "2"); prop.setProperty("MaxLimit", "10"); // set DataSource properties String url = "jdbc:oracle:oci8:@"; ods.setURL(url); ods.setUser("hr"); ods.setPassword("hr"); ods.setConnectionCachingEnabled(true); // be sure set to true ods.setConnectionCacheProperties (prop); ods.setConnectionCacheName("ImplicitCache01"); // this cache's name // We need to create a connection to create the cache Connection conn = ds.getConnection(user, pass); Statement stmt = conn1.createStatement(); ResultSet rset = stmt.executeQuery("select user from dual"); conn1.close(); ods.close();
Each connection obtained from a data source can have user-defined attributes. Attributes are specified by the application developer and are java.lang.Properties
name/value pairs.
An application can use connection attributes to supply additional semantics to identify connections. For instance, an application may create an attribute named connection_type
and then assign it the value payroll
or inventory
.
Note: The semantics of connection attributes are entirely application-defined. The connection cache itself enforces no restrictions on the key or value of connection attributes. |
The methods that get and set connection attributes are found on OracleConnection
. This section covers the following topics:
The first connection you retrieve has no attributes. You must set them. After you have set attributes on a connection, you can request the connection by specifying its attribute, using the specialized forms of getConnection
:
getConnection(java.util.Properties cachedConnectionAttributes
Requests a database connection that matches the specified cachedConnectionAttributes
.
getConnection(java.lang.String user, java.lang.String password, java.util.Properties cachedConnectionAttributes)
Requests a database connection from the implicit connection cache that matches the specified user
, password
and cachedConnectionAttributes
. If null values are passed for user
and password
, the DataSource
defaults are used.
Attribute Matching Rules
The rules for matching connectionAttributes
come in two variations:
Basic
In this, the cache is searched to retrieve the connection that matches the attributes. The connection search mechanism as follows:
If an exact match is found, the connection is returned to the caller.
If an exact match is not found and the ClosestConnectionMatch
data source property is set, then the connection with the closest match is returned. The closest matched connection is one that has the highest number of the original attributes matched. Note that the closest matched connection may match a subset of the original attributes, but does not have any attributes that are not part of the original list. For example, if the original list of attributes is A, B and C, then a closest match may have A and B set, but never a D.
If none of the existing connections match, a new connection is returned. The new connection is created using the user name and password set on the DataSource
. If getConnection(String, String, java.util.Properties)
is called, then the user name and password passed as arguments are used to open the new connection.
Advanced, where attributes may be associated with weights. The connection search mechanism is similar to the basic connectionAttributes
based search, except that the connections are searched not only based on the connectionAttributes
, but also using a set of weights that are associated with the keys on the connectionAttributes
. These weights are assigned to the keys as a one time operation and is supported as a connection cache property, AttributeWeights
.
An application sets connection attributes using:
applyConnectionAttributes(java.util.Properties connAttr)
No validation is done on connAttr
. Applying connection attributes is cumulative. Each time you call applyConnectionAttributes
, the connAttr
attribute you supply is added to those previously in force.
When an application requests a connection with specified attributes, it is possible that no match will be found in the connection cache. When this happens, the connection cache creates a connection with no attributes and returns it. The connection cache cannot create a connection with the requested attributes, because the cache manager is ignorant of the semantics of the attributes.
Note: If theclosestConnectionMatch property has been set, then the cache manager looks for close attribute matches rather than exact matches. |
For this reason, applications should always check the attributes of a returned connection. To do this, use the getUnMatchedConnectionAttributes
method, which returns a list of any attributes that were not matched in retrieving the connection. If the return value of this method is null
, you know that you must set all the connection attributes.
Example 23-3 illustrates using connection attributes.
Example 23-3 Using Connection Attributes
java.util.Properties connAttr = new java.util.Properties(); connAttr.setProperty("connection_type", "payroll"); // retrieve connection that matches attributes Connection conn = ds.getConnection(connAttr); // Check to see which attributes weren't matched unmatchedProp = ((OracleConnection)conn).getUnMatchedConnectionAttributes(); if ( unmatchedProp != null ) { // apply attributes to the connection ((OracleConnection)conn).applyConnectionAttributes(connAttr); } // verify whether conn contains property after apply attributes connProp = ((OracleConnection)conn).getConnectionAttributes(); listProperties (connProp);
The connection cache properties govern the characteristics of a connection cache. This section lists the supported connection cache properties. It covers the following topics:
Applications set cache properties in one of the following ways:
Using the OracleDataSource
method setConnectionCacheProperties
When creating a cache using OracleConnectionCacheManager
When re-initializing a cache using OracleConnectionCacheManager
These properties control the size of the cache.
InitialLimit
Sets how many connections are created in the cache when it is created or reinitialized. When this property is set to an integer value greater than 0, creating or reinitializing the cache automatically creates the specified number of connections, filling the cache in advance of need.
Default: 0
MaxLimit
Sets the maximum number of connection instances the cache can hold. The default value is Integer.MAX_VALUE
, meaning that there is no limit enforced by the connection cache, so that the number of connections is limited only by the number of database sessions configured for the database.
Default: Integer.MAX_VALUE
(no limit)
MaxStatementsLimit
Sets the maximum number of statements that a connection keeps open. When a cache has this property set, reinitializing the cache or closing the data source automatically closes all cursors beyond the specified MaxStatementsLimit
.
Default: 0
MinLimit
Sets the minimum number of connections the cache maintains. This guarantees that the cache will not shrink below this minimum limit.
Default: 0
Note: Setting theMinLimit property does not initialize the cache to contain the minimum number of connections. To do this, use the InitialLimit property. |
These properties control the lifetime of an element in the cache.
InactivityTimeout
Sets the maximum time a physical connection can remain idle in a connection cache. An idle connection is one that is not active and does not have a logical handle associated with it. When InactivityTimeout
expires, the underlying physical connection is closed. However, the size of the cache is not allowed to shrink below minLimit
, if it has been set.
Default: 0 (no timeout in effect)
TimeToLiveTimeout
Sets the maximum time in seconds that a logical connection can remain open. When TimeToLiveTimeout
expires, the logical connection is unconditionally closed, the relevant statement handles are canceled, and the underlying physical connection is returned to the cache for reuse.
Default: 0 (no timeout in effect)
AbandonedConnectionTimeout
Sets the maximum time that a connection can remain unused before the connection is closed and returned to the cache. A connection is considered unused if it has not had SQL database activity.
When AbandonedConnectionTimeout
is set, JDBC monitors SQL database activity on each logical connection. For example, when stmt.execute
is called on the connection, a heartbeat is registered to convey that this connection is active. The heartbeats are set at each database execution. If a connection has been inactive for the specified amount of time, the underlying connection is reclaimed and returned to the cache for reuse.
Default: 0 (no timeout in effect)
PropertyCheckInterval
Sets the time interval at which the cache manager inspects and enforces all specified cache properties. PropertyCheckInterval
is set in seconds.
Default: 900 seconds
These properties control miscellaneous cache behaviors.
AttributeWeights
AttributeWeights
sets the weight for each attribute set on the connection.
ClosestConnectionMatch
ClosestConnectionMatch
causes the connection cache to retrieve the connection with the closest approximation to the specified connection attributes.
ConnectionWaitTimeout
Specifies cache behavior when a connection is requested and there are already MaxLimit
connections active. If ConnectionWaitTimeout
is greater than zero, then each connection request waits for the specified number of seconds or until a connection is returned to the cache. If no connection is returned to the cache before the timeout elapses, then the connection request returns null
.
Default: 0 (no timeout)
LowerThresholdLimit
Sets the lower threshold limit on the cache. The default is 20 percent of the MaxLimit
on the connection cache. This property is used whenever a releaseConnection(
) cache callback method is registered.
ValidateConnection
Setting ValidateConnection
to true
causes the connection cache to test every connection it retrieves against the underlying database.
Default: false
Example 23-4 demonstrates how an application uses connection properties.
Example 23-4 Using Connection Properties
import java.sql.*; import javax.sql.*; import java.util.*; import javax.naming.*; import javax.naming.spi.*; import oracle.jdbc.*; import oracle.jdbc.pool.*; ... OracleDataSource ds = (OracleDataSource) ctx.lookup("..."); java.util.Properties prop = new java.util.Properties (); prop.setProperty("MinLimit", "5"); // the cache size is 5 at least prop.setProperty("MaxLimit", "25"); prop.setProperty("InitialLimit", "3"); // create 3 connections at startup prop.setProperty("InactivityTimeout", "1800"); // seconds prop.setProperty("AbandonedConnectionTimeout", "900"); // seconds prop.setProperty("MaxStatementsLimit", "10"); prop.setProperty("PropertyCheckInterval", "60"); // seconds ds.setConnectionCacheProperties (prop); // set properties Connection conn = ds.getConnection(); conn.dosomework(); java.util.Properties propList=ds.getConnectionCacheProperties(); // retrieve
OracleConnectionCacheManager
provides administrative APIs that the middle tier can use to manage available connection caches. The administration methods are:
This section also provides an example of using the Connection Cache Manager in Example Of ConnectionCacheManager Use.
The createCache
method has the following signatures:
void createCache(String cacheName, javax.sql.DataSource ds, java.util.Properties cacheProps)
This method creates a new cache identified by a unique cache name. The newly-created cache is bound to the specified DataSource
object. Cache properties, when specified, are applied to the cache that gets created. When cache creation is successful, the Connection Cache Manager adds the new cache to the list of caches managed. Creating a cache with a user-defined cache name facilitates specifying more meaningful names. For example, dynamic monitoring service (DMS) metrics collected on a per-cache basis could display metrics attached to a meaningful cache name. createCache
throws an exception, if a cache already exists for the DataSource
object passed in.
String createCache(javax.sql.DataSource ds, java.util.Properties cacheProps)
This method creates a new cache using a generated unique cache name and returns this cache name. The standard convention used in cache name generation is DataSourceName
#
HexRepresentationOfNumberOfCaches
. The semantics are otherwise identical to the previous form.
The signature of this method is as follows:
void disableCache(String cacheName)
This method temporarily disables the cache specified by cacheName
. This means that, temporarily, connection requests will not be serviced from this cache. However, in-use connections will continue to work uninterrupted.
The signature of this method is as follows:
void enableCache(String cacheName)
This method enables a disabled cache. This is a no-op if the cache is already enabled.
The signature of this method is as follows:
boolean existsCache(String CacheName)
This method checks whether a specific connection cache exists among the list of caches that the Connection Cache Manager handles. Returns true
if the cache exists, false
otherwise.
The signature of this method is as follows:
String[] getCacheNameList()
This method returns all the connection cache names that are known to the Connection Cache Manager. The cache names may then be used to manage connection caches using the Connection Cache Manager APIs.
The signature of this method is as follows:
java.util.properties getCacheProperties(String cacheName)
This method retrieves the cache properties for the specified cacheName
.
The signature of this method is as follows:
int getNumberOfActiveConnections(String cacheName)
This method returns the number of checked out connections, connections that are active or busy, and hence not available for use. The value returned is a snapshot of the number of checked out connections in the connection cache at the time the API was processed. It may become invalid quickly.
The signature of this method is as follows:
int getNumberOfAvailableConnections(String cacheName)
This method returns the number of connections in the connection cache, that are available for use. The value returned is a snapshot of the number of connections available in the connection cache at the time the API was processed. It may become invalid quickly.
The signature of this method is as follows:
boolean isFatalConnectionError(SQLException se)
This method is used to differentiate fatal errors from non-fatal errors and may be used in the exception handling modules of the application to trigger connection retries. Some of the errors that are considered fatal are: ORA-3113
, ORA-3114
, ORA-1033
, ORA-1034
, ORA-1089
, ORA-1090
, and ORA-17002
.
The signature of this method is as follows:
void purgeCache(String cacheName, boolean cleanupCheckedOutConnections)
This method removes connections from the connection cache, but does not remove the cache itself. If the cleanupCheckedOutConnections
parameter is set to true
, then the checked out connections are cleaned up, as well as the available connections in the cache. If the cleanupCheckedOutConnections
parameter is set to false, then only the available connections are cleaned up.
The signature of this method is as follows:
void refreshCache(String cacheName, int mode)
This method refreshes the cache specified by cacheName
. There are two modes
supported, REFRESH_INVALID_CONNECTIONS
and REFRESH_ALL_CONNECTIONS
. When called with REFRESH_INVALID_CONNECTIONS
, each Connection
in the cache is checked for validity. If an invalid Connection
is found, then the resources of that connection are removed and replaced with a new Connection
. The test for validity is a simple query as follows:
SELECT 1 FROM dual;
When called with REFRESH_ALL_CONNECTIONS
, all available connections in the cache are closed and replaced with new valid physical connections.
The signature of this method is as follows:
void reinitializeCache(String cacheName, java.util.properties cacheProperties)
This method reinitializes the cache using the specified new set of cache properties. This supports dynamic reconfiguration of caches. The new properties take effect on all newly-created connections, as well as on existing connections that are not in use. When the reinitializeCache
method is called, all in-use connections are closed. The new cache properties are then applied to all the connections in the cache.
Note: CallingreinitializeCache closes all connections obtained through this cache. |
The signature of this method is as follows:
void removeCache(String cacheName, int timeout)
This method removes the cache specified by cacheName
. All its resources are closed and freed. The second parameter is a wait timeout value that is specified in seconds. If the wait timeout value is 0, then all in-use or checked out connections are reclaimed without waiting for the connections in-use to be done. When called with a wait timeout value greater than 0, the operation waits for the specified period of time for checked out connections to be closed before removing the connection cache. This includes connections that are closed based on timeouts specified. Connection cache removal is not reversible.
The signature of this method is as follows:
void setConnectionPoolDataSource(String cacheName, ConnectionPoolDataSource ds)
This method enables connections to be created from an external OracleConnectionPoolDataSource
, instead of the default DataSource
, for the given connection cache. When such a ConnectionPoolDataSource
is set, all DataSource
properties, such as url
, are derived from this new DataSource
.
Example 23-5 demonstrates the OracleConnectionCacheManager
interfaces.
Example 23-5 Connection Cache Manager Example
import java.sql.*; import javax.sql.*; import java.util.*; import javax.naming.*; import javax.naming.spi.*; import oracle.jdbc.*; import oracle.jdbc.pool.*; ... // Get singleton ConnectionCacheManager instance OracleConnectionCacheManager occm = OracleConnectionCacheManager.getConnectionCacheManagerInstance(); String cacheName = "foo"; // Look for a specific cache // Use Cache Manager to check # of available connections // and active connections System.out.println(occm.getNumberOfAvailableConnections(cacheName) " connections are available in cache " + cacheName); System.out.println(occm.getNumberOfActiveConnections(cacheName) + " connections are active"); // Refresh all connections in cache occm.refreshCache(cacheName, OracleConnectionCacheManager.REFRESH_ALL_CONNECTIONS); // Reinitialize cache, closing all connections java.util.Properties newProp = new java.util.Properties(); newProp.setProperty("MaxLimit", "50"); occm.reinitializeCache(cacheName, newProp);
This section discusses cache functionality that is useful for advanced users, but is not essential to understanding or using the implicit connection cache. This section covers the following topics:
There are two connection cache properties that enable the developer to specify which connections in the connection cache are accepted in response to a getConnection
request. When you set the ClosestConnectionMatch
property to true
, you are telling the connection cache manager to return connections that match only some of the attributes you have specified.
If you do not specify attributeWeights
, then the connection cache manager returns the connection that matches the highest number of attributes. If you specify attributeWeights
, then you can control the priority the manager uses in matching attributes.
ClosestConnectionMatch
Setting ClosestConnectionMatch
to true
causes the connection cache to retrieve the connection with the closest approximation to the specified connection attributes. This can be used in combination with AttributeWeights
to specify what is considered a closest match.
Default: false
AttributeWeights
Sets the weights for each connectionAttribute
. Used when ClosestConnectionMatch
is set to true
to determine which attributes are given highest priority when searching for matches. An attribute with a high weight is given more importance in determining a match than an attribute with a low weight.
AttributeWeights
contains a set of String
s representing key/value pairs. Each key/value pair sets the weights for each connectionAttribute
for which the user intends to request a connection. Each String
is in the format written by the java.util.Properties.Store(OutputStream, String)
method, and thus can be read by the java.util.Properties.load(InputStream)
method. The Key
is a connectionAttribute
and the Value
is the weight. A weight must be an integer value greater than 0. The default weight is 1.
For example, TRANSACTION_ISOLATION
could be assigned a weight of 10 and ROLE
a weight of 5. If ClosestConnectionMatch
is set to true, when a connectionAttribute
based connection request is made on the cache, connections with a matching TRANSACTION_ISOLATION
will be favored over connections with a matching ROLE
.
Default: No AttributeWeights
The implicit connection cache offers a way for the application to specify callbacks to be called by the connection cache. Callback methods are supported with the OracleConnectionCacheCallback
interface. This callback mechanism is useful to take advantage of the special knowledge of the application about particular connections, supplementing the default behavior when handling abandoned connections or when the cache is empty.
OracleConnectionCacheCallback
is an interface that must be implemented by the user and registered with OracleConnection
. The registration API is:
public void registerConnectionCacheCallback( OracleConnectionCacheCallback cbk, Object usrObj, int cbkflag);
In this interface, cbk
is the user implementation of the OracleConnectionCacheCallback
interface. The usrObj
parameter contains any parameters that the user wants supplied. This user object is passed back, unmodified, when the callback method is called. The cbkflag
parameter specifies which callback method should be called. It must be one of the following values:
OracleConnection.ABANDONED_CONNECTION_CALLBACK
OracleConnection.RELEASE_CONNECTION_CALLBACK
OracleConnection.ALL_CALLBACKS
When ALL_CALLBACKS
is set, all the connection cache callback methods are called. For example,
// register callback, to invoke all callback methods ((OracleConnection)conn).registerConnectionCacheCallback( new UserConnectionCacheCallback(), new SomeUserObject(), OracleConnection.ALL_CALLBACKS);
An application can register a ConnectionCacheCallback
on an OracleConnection
. When a callback is registered, the connection cache calls the handleAbandonedConnection
method of the callback before reclaiming the connection. If the callback returns true, then the connection is reclaimed. If the callback returns false, then the connection remains active.
The UserConnectionCacheCallback
interface supports two callback methods to be implemented by the user, releaseConnection
and handleAbandonedConnection
.
The following are the use cases for the TimeToLiveTimeout
and AbandonedConnectionTimeout
timeout mechanisms when used with implicit connection cache. Note that these timeout mechanisms are applicable to the logical connection when it is retrieved from the connection cache.
The application considers the connections are completely stateless
When the connections are stateless either of the timeout mechanisms can be used. The connections for which the timeout expires are put back into the connection cache for reuse. These connections are valid for reuse because there is no session state associated with them.
The application maintains state on each connection, but has a cleanup routine that can render the connections stateless when they are returned to the connection cache
In this case, TimeToLiveTimeout
cannot be used. There is no way for the connection cache to ensure that a connection returned to the cache is in a reusable condition.However, AbandonedConnectionTimeout
can be used in this scenario, only if OracleConnectionCacheCallback
is registered on the connection. The handleAbandonedConnection
callback method is implemented by the application and ensures that the necessary cleanup is done. The connection is closed when the timeout processing invokes this callback method. The closing of this connection by the call back method causes the connection to be put back into the connection cache in a state where it is reusable.
The application maintains state on each connection, but has no control over the connection and, therefore, cannot ensure cleaning up of state for reuse of connections by other applications or users
The use of either of the timeout mechanism is not recommended.