ROLLBACK

Purpose

Use the ROLLBACK statement to undo work done in the current transaction or to manually undo the work done by an in-doubt distributed transaction.

Prerequisites

To roll back your current transaction, no privileges are necessary.

To manually roll back an in-doubt distributed transaction that you originally committed, you must have the FORCE TRANSACTION system privilege. To manually roll back an in-doubt distributed transaction originally committed by another user, you must have the FORCE ANY TRANSACTION system privilege.

Syntax

rollback::=

Description of the illustration rollback.gif

Semantics

WORK

The keyword WORK is optional and is provided for SQL standard compatibility.

TO SAVEPOINT Clause

Specify the savepoint to which you want to roll back the current transaction. If you omit this clause, then the ROLLBACK statement rolls back the entire transaction.

Using ROLLBACK without the TO SAVEPOINT clause performs the following operations:

• Ends the transaction

• Undoes all changes in the current transaction

• Erases all savepoints in the transaction

• Releases any transaction locks

  
  

  See Also: SAVEPOINT

  
  

Using ROLLBACK with the TO SAVEPOINT clause performs the following operations:

• Rolls back just the portion of the transaction after the savepoint

• Erases all savepoints created after that savepoint. The named savepoint is retained, so you can roll back to the same savepoint multiple times. Prior savepoints are also retained.

• Releases all table and row locks acquired since the savepoint. Other transactions that have requested access to rows locked after the savepoint must continue to wait until the transaction is committed or rolled back. Other transactions that have not already requested the rows can request and access the rows immediately.

Restriction on In-doubt Transactions

You cannot manually roll back an in-doubt transaction to a savepoint.

FORCE Clause

Specify FORCE to manually roll back an in-doubt distributed transaction. The transaction is identified by the text containing its local or global transaction ID. To find the IDs of such transactions, query the data dictionary view DBA_2PC_PENDING.

A ROLLBACK statement with a FORCE clause rolls back only the specified transaction. Such a statement does not affect your current transaction.

Restriction on Forcing Rollback

ROLLBACK statements with the FORCE clause are not supported in PL/SQL.

Examples

Rolling Back Transactions: Examples

The following statement rolls back your entire current transaction:

ROLLBACK; 

The following statement rolls back your current transaction to savepoint banda_sal:

ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT banda_sal; 

See "Creating Savepoints: Example" for a full version of the preceding example.

The following statement manually rolls back an in-doubt distributed transaction:

ROLLBACK WORK 
    FORCE '25.32.87';